Katalog - SINCONA Auktion 32

Piece of extreme rarity in museum’s quality, a real masterpiece of jeweller’s art of the beginning 20th century. According to our knowledge only two further similar breast stars are known, the first in the Royal Collection of HM Queen Elizabeth II in Windsor and a second one in a private collection in the U.S.A., and no piece in any of the main Russian museums.
The statutes stipulated, that the insignia of the order could be conferred 'in diamonds' as a very special sign of highest imperial grace. According to Tillander-Godenhielm (in TLL p. 73), during the reign of Emperor Nicholas II (1868–1918) there have been conferred only 28 diamond sets between 1894 and 1917.
According to the official archive files (RGIA, Fund 468, opis 43, delo 1015, L. 11, № 40, № 45, № 47) this star with the number 40 originally was manufactured by Karl Hahn in Sankt Petersburg at the cost of 5,000 Roubles in 1907 and probably not issued. By order of the 'Cabinet of His Majesty the Emperor' Karl Hahn 'reduced' it’s value from 5,000 to 4,000 Roubles; but it is unknown by what measure, as the star doesn’t show any exchange traces of the stones or any other traces of later work.
In May 1908 the star was conferred upon Alexander Ivanovich Nelidov [Александр Иванович Нелидов] (1835–1910), since 1904 ambassador of the Russian Empire in France. From 1879 until 1882 he had served as Russian ambassador to the Kingdom of Saxony, from 1883 until 1897 to the Ottoman Empire and from 1897 until 1904 to the Kingdom of Italy. According to the official archive files (RGIA, Fund 468, opis 43, delo 1001, L. 15, № 4), the breast star was returned after Nelidov’s death (in 1910) to the 'Cabinet of His Majesty the Emperor' by his widow Olga Dmitrovna Nelidova (1839–1918) on June 7, 1911. Probably in connection with Stalin’s 'selling activities' of huge numbers of imperial treasures beginning from 1919 until the 1930ies, also this breast star may have been sold.
Предмет величайшей редкости, раритет музейного уровня, шедевр ювелирного искусства начала 20-ого в. По нашей информации данный тип звезды отсутствует в собраниях ведущих музеев России и имелся только в Великобритании, в коллекции королевы Великобритании Елизаветы 2-й, и в США, в частной коллекции.
Согласно Статуту знаками ордена в бриллиантах награждались в знак высочайшего императорского благоволения. Согласно Тиландеру-Годенхильму (TLL стр. 73) в правление императора Николая II (1868–1918) было всего 28 награждений бриллиантовыми комплектами между 1894 и 1917 г.
Согласно официальным архивным данным (РГИА, фонд 468, опись 43, дело 1015, Л. 11, № 40, № 45, № 47) эта звезда под номером 40 была изготовлена Карлом Ганом в СПбурге в 1907 году стоимостью 5 000 рублей и награждение, видимо, не было произведено. По распоряжению «Кабинета Его Императорского Величества» Карл Ган «уменьшил» еrо стоимость с 5 000 до 4 000 рублей; неизвестно, в чём именно это выразилось, поскольку на звезде отсутствуют какие-либо следы замены камней или какого-либо последующего вмешательства.
В мае 1908 г звездой был награждён Александр Иванович Нелидов (1835–1910), с 1904 г посол Российской Империи во Франции. С 1879 по 1882 г был российским послом в Королевстве Саксония, с 1883 по 1897 г – в Оттоманской империи и с 1897 по 1904 г в Итальянском королевстве. Согласно официальным архивным документам (РГИА, фонд 468, опись 43, дело 1001, Л. 15, № 4), звезда была возвращена после смерти Нелидова (1910) в «Кабинета Его Императорского Величества» его вдовой Ольгой Дмитриевной Нелидовой (1839–1918) 7 июня 1911. Возможно, была продана за границу в 1919 - 1930-ые гг.

Early manufactured collar of highest rarity, produced by the legendary manufacturer von Pannasch, in its original case. Ex Sotheby's auction 'Russian Works of Art, Fabergé and Icons' in London on November 26, 2008, cat. № 115.
This collar of the first design, which was conferred until 1857, shows some differences to the succeeding issues. Among others the imperial eagles show wings widely spread and on the chest a shield with Saint George in gold. The eagles of the second issue show erected wings and a round chest medallion showing a painted Saint George. But also the trophy links are designed differently: the cipher of Emperor Peter I 'The Great' (1672–1725) is shown on a shield with baroque frame. The trophy links of the second issue have a round medallion showing the imperial cipher. Shishkov shows in SCH1, p. 74/75 a similar collar, also produced by von Pannasch in 1835.
Цепь раннего типа величайшей редкости производства легендарного ювелира Паннаша в оригинальной коробке. Происходит с аукциона Сотби «Произведения русского искусства, Фаберже и иконы», Лондон, 26 ноября 2008 г, лот № 115.
Цепь первого типа вручалась до 1857 г и отличалась от последующих. Среди прочего императорские орлы с широко раскинутыми крыльями и на груди щит с золотым Св.Георгием. Орлы второго типа с поднятыми крыльями и круглым медальоном на груди со Св.Георгием росписью. Звенья с трофеями также другие: вензель императора Петра I «Великого» (1672-1725) на щите с барочным обрамлением. Звенья с трофеями 2 типа имеют круглый медальон с императорским вензелем. Иллюстрация у Шишкова в SCH1, стр. 74/75 аналогичной цепи также работы Паннаша 1835 г.

Ex Sotheby's auction 'Russian Works of Art, Fabergй and Icons' in London on November 26, 2008, cat. № 114.
Due to the facts that this piece does not have any marks, nor Russian nor foreign, that this type of closing is not typically Russian and that the inscription on the reverse of the eagle shows an 'N' instead of an 'И' (a mistake that would not occur to a Russian manufacturer!) we would consider this miniature chain probably a non-Russian Western European fabrication.
Происходит с аукциона Сотби «Произведения русского искусства, Фаберже и иконы», Лондон, 26 ноября 2008 г, лот № 114.
Поскольку отсутствуют какие-либо клейма, как российские, так и иностранные, заколка нерусского типа, ошибка в надписи на оборотной стороне орла «N» вместо «И» (ошибка, которую едва ли мог допустить российский изготовитель!), мы полагаем эту миниатюрную цепь возможно нероссийской и западноевропейского

Имперaторский орден Святого Апостола Андрея Первозванного Комплект знаков ордена из:
Знак ордена, 1 тип (без короны – до 1856 г), 94,9 х 52,0 мм, капитульный, изготовлен Эммануилом Георгом Паннашем в 1835 г, золото и эмаль, 45,5 г, роспись по эмали, трещинки по эмали, особенно на оборотной стороне, крест Святого Андрея заново припаян на олове (!), на оборотной стороне соединительного ушка часть клейма «I» и СПбургское клеймо 1835 г, частично потёртое
Звезда 2 типа (с орлом с крыльями вниз и крестом Святого Андрея на груди примерно с 1800 и по примерно 1820 г), 92 х 93 мм, шитая, изготовлена неизвестной фирмой, серебро, серебро с позолотой, шёлк, центральная часть недавно полностью отреставрирована, лучи потемнели, на оборотной стороне кожа В старой оригинальной коробке с золотой надписью. RRU 2, 3; ZK2 3053, 3057.
Очень редкий Состояние лучше чем очень хорошее
*) Важное замечание: Для ставок на этот лот требуется специальный допуск. Пожалуйста ознакомьтесь с Правилами аукциона!
изготовления.

Alexander Edvard Tillander (1837–1918), of Finnish origin, according to Tammann (TRP p. 45–46) opened his business in 1860 in Zarskoe Selo and moved to Sankt Petersburg in 1870. His son Alexander Theodor Tillander (1870–1943), who for some time worked as a master for Karl Hahn, took over his father's firm in 1900. In 1911 Tillander took over the facilities of Karl Hahn and moved there with his own business. In 1918 Tillander moved his business to the Finnish capital Helsinki, where during the first few years he worked together with Viktor Lindemann. Since 1920 Tillander is the official supplier of orders' insignia in the Republic of

Рыцарский орден Льва Финляндии. Командорский крест, официальный заказ, изготовленный А.Тиландером в Хельсинки, серебряный с позолотой и эмалью, несколько клейм на ушке (в том числе клеймо производителя АМТ), с лентой для ношения на шее, в оригинальной несколько повреждённой коробке Тиландера с золотым львом. Вместе со спортивной медалью за 1 место на 5000 м, бронза с позолотой, одна небольшая трещинка эмали, на обороте выгравировано KLOY, BWK2 210, ZK2 689.
Состояние лучше чем очень хорошее

The one-grade highest Order of the Saint Apostle Andrew the First-Called was instituted by Tsar Peter I. Alexejevich 'The Great' (1672–1725) with Ucas of November 30, 1698. It was dedicated to Russia’s Saint Patron, the Apostle Saint Andrew, who according to the Bible, was a brother of Simon Peter und who was, according the Gospel of St. John (John 1:35–42), a disciple of St. John the Baptist and called by Our Lord Jesus Christ as the first apostle to follow him. Therefore he is called in the Orthodox Church 'The First-Called' [Первозванного]. According to a legend he died during the reign of the Roman Emperor Nero (37–68) in the late 60ies as a Martyr in Patras (in Achaia / Greece) crucified to a 'crux decussata', a so-called St. Andrews cross.
Only on April 5, 1797, the day of his coronation, the Emperor Paul I Petrovich (1754–1801) approved the statutes of the order. As a special sign of imperial grace, the order could be conferred 'in diamonds'. Since August 16, 1804, it was possible for new knights of the Order of St. Andrew, who were not yet knights of the lower Russian orders, to receive, according to a respective decision of the emperor, together with its insignia also those of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky or/and the 1st grade of the Order of St. Anne. From December 13, 1831 on, they could be conferred at the same time the Order of the White Eagle and since about 1857 the 1st grade of the Order of St. Stanislas.
The collar of the order was considered as a special sign of imperial grace and therefore given separately. Until May 23, 1842 it was restricted to Russians only, afterwards also foreigners were eligible.
On October 27, 1846, a special breast star for Non-Christians was approved. On July 15, 1855, metal breast stars became official. With imperial Ucas of August 5, 1855, Alexander II Nicholajevich (1818–1881) introduced crossed swords on the insigna for bestowals 'for military exploits against an enemy'.
According to Tillander-Godenhielm (in TLL p. 73) the order was conferred as follows: by Peter I (1699–1725) 39 (times), by Catherine I (1725–1727) 13, Peter II (1727–1730) 5, Anna (1730–1740) 25, Ivan VI (1740–1764) 10, Elizabeth (1741–1761) 69, Peter III (1761–1762) 14, Catherine II (1762–1796) 107, Paul I (1797–1801) 65, Alexander I (1801–1825) 121, Nicholas I (1826–1855) 216, Alexander II (1855–1881) 180, Alexander III (1881–1894) 57 and Nicholas II (1894–1917) 134. Alexander II conferred 11 badges with swords, and Nicholas I only one. Anna conferred the order three times in diamonds, Catherine II 11 (times), Paul I three, Alexander I 8, Nicholas I 55, Alexander II 38, Alexander III 11 and Nicholas II 28 times.
After the fall of monarchy in Russia in February 1917 the order was not abolished but no more conferred. After the October Revolution the new Bolshewiki Government abolished the order definitely. The head of the imperial family continued to confer it as a dynastical order in exile after 1918. Today the order is awarded by 'Grand Duchess' Maria Vladimirovna Romanov, 'pretender' to the Russian Throne, as a dynastic order of knighthood, which is heavily disputed by some historians and members of Romanov family.
In occasion of the 300-years jubilee since its institution Boris Yeltsin (1931–2007), President of the Russian Federation, reinstalled the order by Presidential Decree № 757 on June 1, 1998.
Апостол Андрей Первозванный — самый почитаемый на Руси из всех двенадцати апостолов, поскольку, по преданию, Андрей был первым, кто проповедовал христианство на русских землях еще за тысячу лет до КрещенияРуси.
Со времен киевских князей Апостол Андрей почитался святым покровителем русской земли. Также Петр I считал святого Андрея своим личным покровителем.
В России знаки ордена Святого Андрея Первозванного стали частью воинской символики. Звезда ордена, как символ гвардии, помещалась на полковых знаменах, офицерских знаках, головных уборах… С 1703 по 1917 г синий Андреевский крест был символом российского военного флота, его флагом.

Ex auction Galйrie George Petit, Paris, of May 28 and 29, 1929, 'Collection Ney Prince de la Moskowa'.
This model of a breast star, showing the slightly sideward standing eagle with hanging wings and the St. Andrew's cross on the chest appeared with the accession of Emperor Alexander I to the throne in 1801. It is typical for the entire period of his reign until his death in 1825, as can be seen on the portraits of contemporary holders. It seems that in the beginning of the reign of his brother and successor Nicholas I, in connection with the reformation of the imperial heraldry, the eagle moved from a sideward to a horizontal position but continued to show hanging wings. After the accession of Alexander II Nicholajewich in 1855, the entire imperial heraldry was reformed again, showing now the horizontal flying imperial eagle with erected wings. This type of eagle was also introduced in the order's insignia and remained the same until the end of monarchy in 1917.
After the death of Léon Napoléon Louis Michel Ney, 4th Prince de la Moskowa (born 1870) in 1928, his huge collection was sold in Paris. He was the great grandson of the French Maréchal de l'Empire Michel Ney (1769–1815), 1st Duke d'Elchingen (1808) and 1st Prince de la Moskowa (1813).
Происходит с аукциона Galйrie George Petit, Париж, 28-29 мая 1929, «Коллекция Нея, князя «Москворецкого».
После смерти Леона Наполеона Луи Мишеля Нея, 4-ого князя «Москворецкого» в 1928 году (родился в 1870 г), его огромная коллекция была продана в Париже. Он был праправнуком маршала Франции Мишеля Нея (1769-1815), 1-ого герцога Эльхингена (1808) и 1-ого князя «Москворецкого» (1813)

Piece of extreme rarity in best museum’s quality, a real masterpiece of jeweller’s art of this most famous Russian jeweller of the beginning 20th century, manufactured in white gold (and not as usually in combined gold and silver) and with stones of very high quality.
According to Levin (in LVK p. 95 and p. 96), Fabergé manufactured only two 1st-grade sets for the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty, the first in 1909 for 3,700 roubles, which on January 18, 1911, was conferred upon the Grand Duchess Hilda of Baden (1864-1952), and a second one, an edition for non-Christians in 1912 again for 3,700 roubles, which was conferred on June 12, 1916, being the last bestowal until the end of monarchy, upon the Japanese Empress Teimei-kōgō [’å–¾c@], whose birth name was Kujō Sadako [‹ãð ßŽq] (1884–1951), as mentioned in the registry.
The very special highest quality of manufacturing of this piece, as well as the high quality of the stones and the minimal, nearly invisible wearing traces, may permit the conclusion that this breast star originally belonged to the set conferred upon the Grand Duchess Hilda of Baden, born Princess of Nassau and wife of Grand Duke Friedrich II of Baden (1857–1928, Grand Duke from 1907 until 1918), in January 1911.
Alfred Rudolf Thieleman, son of the goldsmith Karl-Rudolf Thieleman (of German origin) in Sankt Petersburg, worked as a master like his father and his brother Otto Rudolf for Karl Fabergé's company in Sankt Petersburg and died according to various sources in 1909 or 1913.
Peter Karl Fabergé (1846–1920), originating from a Huguenot family from Picardy, took over his father Gustav’s (1814–1860) business in 1870, and enlarged the firm considerably. Many of the pieces produced by Fabergé's had marks only of his workmasters who, also being very famous, could 'sign in their own name'. Fabergé produced several jeweller’s fabrications of Russian orders' insignias of highest quality.
The Order of the Saint Great Martyr Catherine was instituted by Tsar Peter I 'The Great' (1672–1725) in 1713 as a one-grade order for ladies, when the statutes were approved. The order was dedicated to the martyr St. Catherine of Alexandria, the patron saint of his second wife Catherine (1684–1727) who as Empress Catherine I succeded him to the throne.
In 1797 Emperor Paul I Petrovich (1754–1801) approved new statutes, thus creating a lower 2nd grade. The new statutes also stipulated that every new born Grand Duchess of the imperial family should receive the 1st grade of the order.
After the October Revolution the new Bolshewiki Government abolished the order by decree in November 1917. The head of the imperial family after 1918 continued to confer it as a dynastical order in exile. Today the order is awarded by 'Grand Duchess' Maria Vladimirovna Romanov, 'pretender' to the Russian Throne, as a dynastic order of knighthood, which is heavily disputed by some historians and members of Romanov family.
The Russian President Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev reinstalled the now one-grade order with Ucas № 573 of May 3, 2012.
Предмет величайшей редкости, раритет высочайшего музейного уровня, шедевр ювелирного искусства самого знаменитого российского ювелира начала 20-го века из белого золота (а не, как обычно, из комбинации золота и серебра) с камнями очень высокого качества.
Согласно Левину (LVK стр. 95-96) в 1909 г Фаберже изготовил комплект знаков ордена Святой Екатерины 1 степени (стоимостью 3 700 рублей), которым 18 января 1911 г была награждена Великая Герцогиня Баденская Хильда (1864-1952) и в 1912 другой комплект (тоже стоимостью 3 700 рублей), которым в конце монархии 12 июня 1916 г наградили японскую принцессу Теймей-кого, урождённую под именем Куйо Садако (1884–1951.
Особенно высокий качественный уровень изготовления, высокое качество камней и минимальные, практически невидимые следы ношения, позволяют заключить, что эта звезда первоначально входила в комплект, которым в январе 1911 г была награждена Великая Герцогиня Баденская Хильда, урождённая Принцесса Нассау и жена Великого Герцога Баденского Фридриха II (1857-1928, Великого Герцога с 1907 по 1918 г).
Альфред Рудольф Тилеманн, сын Карла-Рудольфа Тилеманна (немца по происхождению), как его отец и брат Отто Рудольф, работал ювелиром фирмы Карла Фаберже в СПбурге и умер по разным данным между 1909 и 1913 г.
Пётр Карл Фаберже (1846–1920), из семьи гугенотов из Пикардии, унаследовал фирму в 1870 году от отца, Густава Фаберже (1814–1860) и значительно её расширил. Многие вещи Фаберже несли клеймо только его мастеров, настолько лично знаменитых, что они «подписывались своими собственными именами». Фирме Фаберже принадлежало авторство многих ювелирных украшений российских орденов высшего качества.

In all parts original and extremely rare set of important provenance of a President of the French Republic, dignified for a museum’s exposition. Due to the existence of the original card of the “Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty”, that assigns this set to Paul Deschanel, not only its relation to this important personality of French history can be proved, but it also allows to research and publish the manufacturing and bestowal history of this special set. (See also: Autengruber, Michael – Wahrlich ein Schmuck auch für Männer: Brillanten-Orden. In: Militaria, 39th year (2016), № 5).
According to the official archive files (RGIA, fond 468, opis 1015, № 84) these insignia were manufactured (at the cost of 2,759 Roubles) in 1899 by Karl Blank, head workmaster of the firm of Karl Hahn, for whom he was working from the 1890ies until 1912. Until 1912 the house of Karl Hahn produced about 90 percent of the insignia supplied to the 'Cabinet of His Majesty the Emperor'.
Originally conferred on September 3, 1899, (with № 84) upon the Privy Counsellor Michail Nikolajewich Kapustin [Михаил Николаевич Капустин] (1828–1899), it was returned after his death to the Cabinet. On December 19, 1900, (with № 105) the set was conferred upon the personal surgeon of the Emperor, Gustav Ivanovich Hirsch [Густав Иванович Гирш] (1828–1907). He himself returned the insignia to the 'Cabinet of His Majesty the Emperor' and preferred to receive the respective money amount. On September 10, 1901, (with № 124) the set was conferred upon Paul Deschanel, President of the French Chamber of Deputies.
The journalist and author Paul Deschanel (1855–1922) in 1885 was elected deputy [Député] in the French Chamber of Deputies [Chambre des députés] of the National Assembly [Assemblée nationale] for the Département Eure-et-Loir, an office which, since 1901 for the Alliance démocratique (later Alliance républicaine démocratique and Parti républicain démocratique) he held until 1920. From 1898 until 1902 and again from 1912 until 1920 he served as President of the Chamber [Président de la Chambre des députés]. During his first presidency of the chamber, the Russian Emperor Nicholas II during his second official state visit to France (1901), handed over to him this order's set in diamonds of the Imperial Order of the Saint Prince Alexander Newsky. In January 1920 Deschanel was elected President of the French Republic [Président de la République française], the 11th of the Third Republic. In February he took up office. Shortly after, his environment noticed mental problems and signs of senile dementia. Therefore he resigned in September the same year. Elected in 1921 as senator [sénateur] he held this office until his death in 1922.
The one-grade Order of the Saint Prince Alexander Nevsky was instituted by Empress Catherine I Alexeijevna (1684–1727) with Ucas of May 21, 1725. It was named after Alexander Jaroslavich Nevsky, Prince of Novgorod, Grand Duke of Vladimir (1220–1263). Only on April 5, 1797, the day of his coronation, Emperor Paul I Petrovich (1754–1801) approved the statutes of the order.Until about 1820 the order's cross wore it’s first design with red paste stones on the cross arms (1st model). Since about this time, the cross arms were enamelled, and the imperial eagles had wings widely spread (2nd model). Since about 1841 the eagles between the cross arms had their final design with erected wings (3rd model).
As a special sign of imperial grace, the order could be conferred 'in diamonds', the respective breast star showing an imperial crown above the centre. Since August 16, 1804, according to a respective decision of the emperor, it was possible to confer to new knights of the Order of St. Andrew, who were not yet knights of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, both insignia together. On August 9, 1844, the order's cross for Non-Christians was introduced and on October 27, 1846, so were the respective breast stars. On July 15, 1855, metal breast stars became official. With imperial Ucas of August 5, 1855, Alexander II Nicholajevich (1818–1881) introduced crossed swords on the insigna for bestowals 'for valour on the battle field'.
With the end of monarchy in 1917 this order expired, too. The Russian President Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev reinstalled the order with Ucas № 1099 of September 7, 2010.
Во всех отношениях оригинальный и чрезвычайно редкий комплект с историческим провенансом – принадлежал Президенту Французской республики, предмет музейного значения. Наличие оригинальной карточки-формуляра из Кабинета Е.И.В. позволила не только опредедить имя последнего награжденного данным орденом, но и, редчайший случай, проследить его историю (см. Также: Михаэль Аутенгрубер - Украшения для мужчин: ордена с бриллиантами. Журнал Милитариа, 39 года (2016), № 5).
Согласно официальным архивным документам (РГИА, фонд 468, опись 1015, № 84) был изготовлен (стоимость
2 759 рублей) в 1899 году Карлом Бланком, главным ювелиром фирмы Карла Гана, в которой он работал с 1890-ых до 1912 г. До 1912 Карл Ган изготавливал около 90% всех регалий для «Кабинета Его Императорского Величества».
Первоначально вручён 3 сентября 1899 года (№ 84) действительному тайному советнику Михаилу Николаевичу Капустину (1828–1899) и возвращён в Кабинет после его смерти. 19 декабря 1900 г (№ 105) был вручён лейб-медику Императора Густаву Ивановичу Гиршу (1828–1907), личному врачу двух императоров – Александра III и Николая II и их семей, который вернул его в «Кабинет ЕИВ» и предпочёл получить его стоимость деньгами. 10 сентября 1901 г (№ 124) вручён Полю Дешанелю, Президенту французской палаты депутатов.
Писатель и журналист Поль Дешанель (1855–1922) в 1885 был избран депутатом французского парламента и оставался им до 1920 г. С 1898 до 1902 и снова с 1912 до 1920 он был Президентом французской палаты депутатов. В первый период его президентства российский император Николай II, во время своего второго официального визита во Францию (1901) наградил его императорским орденом Святого Князя Александра Невского с бриллиантами. В январе 1900 г Дешанель был избран Президентом Французской республики, 11-ым президентом 3-ей республики. В феврале он приступил к своим обязанностям. Вскоре у него начались проблемы со здоровьем и в сентябре того же года он подал в отставку. В 1921 г избран сенатором и оставался им до смерти в 1922 г.

According to Tammann (in TRP p. 30–31) Julius 'Ivan' Eduard Keibel (1825–1882), son of Johann Wilhelm Keibel (1788–1862), since 1841 the only official supplier of orders' insignia to the Russian 'Chapter of the Imperial and Royal Orders', learned with his father and became a master in 1844. After the death of his father in 1862 he took over the firm. Julius Keibel died in 1882 and was succeeded by his son Albert Konstantin Keibel (1854–1910).
Due to the combination of the marks on this cross, it’s fabrication can be narrowed down to the period between 1865 and 1882.
Комбинация клейм позволяет отнести изготовление к периоду с 1865 по 1882 г.

According to Tammann (in TRP p. 31–32), Albert Konstantin Keibel (1854–1910), son of Julius 'Ivan' Eduard Keibel (1825–1882), entered his father’s business in 1874 und took it over in 1882 after the latter’s death. He continued his work as the only official supplier of orders' insignia to the Russian 'Chapter of the Imperial and Royal Orders'. In 1905 he lost this contract. In result of Albert Keibel's suicide in 1910 the firm was closed.

The one-grade Order of the White Eagle, according to a legend instituted by the Polish king Władysław I Łokietek (1260–1333) in 1325, was renewed by the Polish king and Saxon Duke Elector Friedrich August II 'the Strong' (1670–1733) in November 1705.
After the integration of the Kingdom of Poland into the Russian Empire in 1831, the Order became a Russian order by Emperor Nicholas I Pavlovich (1796–1855) with Ucas of November 17, 1831. From then on, new knights of the Order of St. Andrew, who were not yet knights of the Order of the White Eagle, according to a respective decision of the emperor, could receive both insignia together. On August 9, 1844, the order's cross for Non-Christians was introduced and on October 27, 1846, so were the respective breast stars. On July 15, 1855, metal breast stars became official. With imperial Ucas of August 5, 1855, Alexander II Nicholajevich (1818–1881) introduced crossed swords on the insignia for bestowals 'for valour on the battle field'. In 1856 the surmounting crowns of the badges received their final design: 'flying' blue enamelled crown pendilia (2nd model).
After the fall of monarchy in the Russian Empire in February 1917, the Provisional Government continued to confer the order in a slightly changed design. After the October Revolution the new Bolshewiki Government abolished the order in 1918.

From 1898 until 1910 Johann Lindstedt worked as a master for Eduard's in Sankt Petersburg. According to Tammann (in TRP p. 23) Eduard's was founded in 1898 by Eduard Ferdinand Dietwald. In 1905 the firm became official supplier of orders' insignia to the Russian 'Chapter of the Imperial and Royal Orders' and therefore from now on the insignia supplied to the Chapter had to show the firm’s name 'ЭДУАРДЪ' [Eduard]. After Dietwald had committed suicide in 1910, his widow Vera Dietwald continued his business. Despite the fact that in about 1914 Dmitri Ivanovich Osipov had bought the majority of the company's shares, it continued to work under its old name until the end of the Provisional Government in 1917.
The assayer’s letters 'AP' can stand for A. Rikhter, who held this office from 1898 until 1903 but also for his successor A. W. Romanov, who served as an assayer until 1908.
C 1898 по 1910 г Иоганн Линстед был мастером фирмы Эдуард в СПбурге. Согласно Тамманну (TRP стр. 23) фирму Эдуард создал в 1898 г Эдуард Фердинанд Дитвальд. В 1905 г фирма стала официальным поставщиком «Капитула российских императорских и царских орденов» и потому с этого времени наименование фирмы Эдуард должно было указываться на регалиях, изготавливаемых фирмой Эдуард для Капитула. После самоубийства Дитвальда в 1910 г, его вдова Вера Дитвальд продолжила его дело. Несмотря на то, что примерно в 1914 г Дмитрий Иванович Осипов стал основным собственников фирмы, она продолжала работать под прежним названием до конца периода Временного правительства в 1917 г.
Пробирное клеймо «AP» может означать как А.Рихера с 1898 по 1903 г, так и А.В.Романова в последующие годы вплоть до 1908 г.