The SINCONA Collections
Russian Coins and Decorations
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Description
Imperial Order of the Saint Apostle Andrew the First-Called Collar set of the order consisting of:
order’s collar, 2nd model (eagle with wings erected – 1857–1917), official fabrication of Julius Keibel between 1865 and 1882, consisting of seven eagle links (about 49 x 49 mm), six St. Andrew’s cross links (about 35 x 46 mm) and four trophy links (about 56 x 55 mm), thus 17 links in total, length 107 cm, gold and enamels, 258.9 g, enamel painting, the St. Andrew’s cross links manufactured hollowly (these on the reverse with small air pressure exchange holes), all links on the reverse with manufacturer's name, Sankt Petersburg gold mark for 56 zolotniki from 1865 until 1898 and double-headed eagle mark of the court suppliers from 1840 until 1917, with order’s badge, 2nd model (with crown pendilia – 1856–1917), 90.6 x 63.9 mm, post-1917 non-Russian (!) fabrication of an unidentified firm, of highest quality, massive gold and enamels, 74.9 g, finest enamel painting, without any marks, and breast star, 4th model (horizontal eagle with wings erected and St. Andrew’s cross on the chest – since about the 1850ies), 2nd edition (official metal edition since 1855), official fabrication of Albert Keibel between 1882 and 1898, 89.8 x 89.0 mm, silver partly gilt, applications gold, enamels, on the reverse double-headed eagle mark of the court suppliers from 1840 until 1917, Sankt Petersburg silver mark for 84 zolotniki from 1865 until 1898 and manufacturer's name, with pin, this with double-headed eagle mark of the court suppliers from 1840 until 1917, manufacturer's name and Sankt Petersburg city mark.
Together in modern case. RRU 1, 2 and 3; ZK2 3052, 3054 and 3059.
3 R E.F.
Имперaторский орден Святого Апостола Андрея Первозванного Комплект знаков ордена из: Цепь ордена, 2 тип (орёл с крыльями вверх 1857-1917), капитульный, производства Юлиуса Кейбеля между 1865 и 1882 г, из 17 звеньев, в т.ч. 7 орлов (около 49 x 49 мм), 6 крестов Св.Андрея (около 35 x 46 мм) и 4 с трофеями (около 56 x 55 мм), длина 107 см, золото и эмаль, 258.9 г, роспись по эмали, все звенья с клеймами изготовителя на оборотной стороне, СПбургским клеймом пробы золота 56 золотников с 1865 по 1898 год и клеймом двуглавого орла поставщиков Двора Е.И.В. с 1840 по 1917 г Знак ордена, 2 тип (с короной - 1856–1917), 90.6 x 63.9 мм, неизвестного нероссийского (!) производства после 1917 года, высочайшего качества, золото, эмаль, 74.9 г, искусная роспись по эмали, без клейм Звезда, 4 тип (орёл с поднятыми крыльями и крест Св.Андрея на груди – примерно с 1850-ых годов), 2 подтип (металлическая с 1855 г), капитульный, производства Альберта Кейбеля между 1882 и 1898, 89.8 x 89.0 мм, серебро, частично позолота, золотые накладки, эмаль, на оборотной стороне клеймо двуглавый орёл поставщиков Двора Е.И.В. с 1840 по 1917 г, СПбургское серебряное клеймо пробы 84 золотника с 1865 по 1898 г с заколкой, клеймо двуглавый орёл поставщиков Двора Е.И.В. с 1840 по 1917 г, клеймо изготовителя и СПбургское городское клеймо Комплект в более поздней коробке. RRU 1, 2 и 3; ZK2 3052, 3054 и 3059.
Редкий Состояние отличное
Details
The one-grade highest Order of the Saint Apostle Andrew the First-Called was instituted by Tsar Peter I. Alexejevich 'The Great' (1672–1725) with Ucas of November 30, 1698. It was dedicated to Russia’s Saint Patron, the Apostle Saint Andrew, who according to the Bible, was a brother of Simon Peter und who was, according the Gospel of St. John (John 1:35–42), a disciple of St. John the Baptist and called by Our Lord Jesus Christ as the first apostle to follow him. Therefore he is called in the Orthodox Church 'The First-Called' [Первозванного]. According to a legend he died during the reign of the Roman Emperor Nero (37–68) in the late 60ies as a Martyr in Patras (in Achaia / Greece) crucified to a 'crux decussata', a so-called St. Andrews cross.
Only on April 5, 1797, the day of his coronation, the Emperor Paul I Petrovich (1754–1801) approved the statutes of the order. As a special sign of imperial grace, the order could be conferred 'in diamonds'. Since August 16, 1804, it was possible for new knights of the Order of St. Andrew, who were not yet knights of the lower Russian orders, to receive, according to a respective decision of the emperor, together with its insignia also those of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky or/and the 1st grade of the Order of St. Anne. From December 13, 1831 on, they could be conferred at the same time the Order of the White Eagle and since about 1857 the 1st grade of the Order of St. Stanislas.
The collar of the order was considered as a special sign of imperial grace and therefore given separately. Until May 23, 1842 it was restricted to Russians only, afterwards also foreigners were eligible.
On October 27, 1846, a special breast star for Non-Christians was approved. On July 15, 1855, metal breast stars became official. With imperial Ucas of August 5, 1855, Alexander II Nicholajevich (1818–1881) introduced crossed swords on the insigna for bestowals 'for military exploits against an enemy'.
According to Tillander-Godenhielm (in TLL p. 73) the order was conferred as follows: by Peter I (1699–1725) 39 (times), by Catherine I (1725–1727) 13, Peter II (1727–1730) 5, Anna (1730–1740) 25, Ivan VI (1740–1764) 10, Elizabeth (1741–1761) 69, Peter III (1761–1762) 14, Catherine II (1762–1796) 107, Paul I (1797–1801) 65, Alexander I (1801–1825) 121, Nicholas I (1826–1855) 216, Alexander II (1855–1881) 180, Alexander III (1881–1894) 57 and Nicholas II (1894–1917) 134. Alexander II conferred 11 badges with swords, and Nicholas I only one. Anna conferred the order three times in diamonds, Catherine II 11 (times), Paul I three, Alexander I 8, Nicholas I 55, Alexander II 38, Alexander III 11 and Nicholas II 28 times.
After the fall of monarchy in Russia in February 1917 the order was not abolished but no more conferred. After the October Revolution the new Bolshewiki Government abolished the order definitely. The head of the imperial family continued to confer it as a dynastical order in exile after 1918. Today the order is awarded by 'Grand Duchess' Maria Vladimirovna Romanov, 'pretender' to the Russian Throne, as a dynastic order of knighthood, which is heavily disputed by some historians and members of Romanov family.
In occasion of the 300-years jubilee since its institution Boris Yeltsin (1931–2007), President of the Russian Federation, reinstalled the order by Presidential Decree № 757 on June 1, 1998.
Апостол Андрей Первозванный — самый почитаемый на Руси из всех двенадцати апостолов, поскольку, по преданию, Андрей был первым, кто проповедовал христианство на русских землях еще за тысячу лет до КрещенияРуси.
Со времен киевских князей Апостол Андрей почитался святым покровителем русской земли. Также Петр I считал святого Андрея своим личным покровителем.
В России знаки ордена Святого Андрея Первозванного стали частью воинской символики. Звезда ордена, как символ гвардии, помещалась на полковых знаменах, офицерских знаках, головных уборах… С 1703 по 1917 г синий Андреевский крест был символом российского военного флота, его флагом.
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